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The International Court of Justice sitting at The Hague, delivered, on the 21st of April, 2022, its judgment in the case concerning alleged violations of sovereign rights and maritime spaces in the Caribbean Sea between Nicaragua and Colombia. The Court found as follows:

1.    Found, by a majority of 10 to 5, that its jurisdiction, based on Article XXXI of the Pact of Bogotá, to adjudicate upon the dispute regarding the alleged violations by the Republic of Colombia of the Republic of Nicaragua’s rights in the maritime zones which the Court declared in its 2012 Judgment to appertain to the Republic of Nicaragua, covers the claims based on those events referred to by the Republic of Nicaragua that occurred after 27 November 2013, the date on which the Pact of Bogotá ceased to be in force for the Republic of Colombia.

2.    Found, by a majority of 10 to 5, that by interfering with fishing and marine scientific research activities of Nicaraguan-flagged or Nicaraguan-licensed vessels and with the operations of Nicaraguan naval vessels in the Republic of Nicaragua’s exclusive economic zone and by purporting to enforce conservation measures in that zone, the Republic of Colombia has violated the Republic of Nicaragua’s sovereign rights and jurisdiction in this maritime zone.

3.    Found, by a majority of 9 to 6, that by authorizing fishing activities in the Republic of Nicaragua’s exclusive economic zone, the Republic of Colombia has violated the Republic of Nicaragua’s sovereign rights and jurisdiction in this maritime zone

4.    Found, by a majority of 9 to 6, that the Republic of Colombia must immediately cease the conduct referred to in points (2) and (3) above

5.    Found, by a majority of 13 to 2, that the “integral contiguous zone” established by the Republic of Colombia by Presidential Decree 1946 of 9 September 2013, as amended by Decree 1119 of 17 June 2014, is not in conformity with customary international law, as set out in paragraphs 170 to 187 [of the Judgment]

6.    Found, by a majority of 12 to 3, that the Republic of Colombia must, by means of its own choosing, bring into conformity with customary international law the provisions of Presidential Decree 1946 of 9 September 2013, as amended by Decree 1119 of 17 June 2014, in so far as they relate to maritime areas declared by the Court in its 2012 Judgment to appertain to the Republic of Nicaragua

7.    Found, by a majority of 12 to 3, that the Republic of Nicaragua’s straight baselines established by Decree No. 33-2013 of 19 August 2013, as amended by Decree No. 17-2018 of 10 October 2018, are not in conformity with customary international law

8. Rejected, by a majority of 14 to 1, all other submissions made by the Parties